Organization, proximity, and hierarchy are centered around how lists, menus, tables of contents, and other categories of information are grouped and placed on a page in order for the text or groups of text to be displayed in the most efficient way. Katz states that in any arrangement of text or groups of text, there is a figure and ground, positive and negative, information and empty space [and] how that information and that empty space is configured makes it easier or more difficult to see relationships and to understand the information.